AGORA, TEEAL, HINARI AND OARI Acronyms: A Mal. Aliyu Abdulkadir's Assignment
What is TEEAL?
TEEAL, or The Essential Electronic Agricultural
Library, is a full-text and searchable database of articles from more than 325
high-quality research journals in agriculture and the related sciences.
Beginning with the 2012 Update of the collection, which accounts for the
redesign of both the TEEAL hardware and software, the collection arrives on a
"mini computer" that you can run on one computer workstation or make
available to multiple computers via your Local Area Network (LAN) or intranet.
For many years, TEEAL has been improving access at institutions with limited
Internet time and/or financial resources. It is a searchable, offline, digital
library which contains mainly agriculturally focused reference journals updated
annually and delivered by the TEEAL Project Office at Cornell University’s Mann
Library.
TEEAL is available
for purchase at a low cost, and is solely for education and research in
public and non-profit institutions in income-eligible countries. Should you
have questions regarding the eligibility of your institution, please contact
the TEEAL Project Office by completing our online contact form. The link can be
found at the bottom of this page.
When you purchase TEEAL for the first time, you
receive applicable hardware containing journal content from 1993 through the
currently available update year. TEEAL is updated each year. Individual updates
are shipped to current/paid subscribers every year.
Beginning with the release of the 2012 Update of
the collection, TEEAL is now delivered to institutions on a small mini
computer. Shipment also includes a short Ethernet cable and applicable power
cables for the mini computer itself.
We also include a setup guide for the machine, and
we have excellent technical support staff that can assist if any questions
arise during the installation process.
TEEAL is also newly compatible with all operating systems,
including Windows, Linux, and Mac OS platforms. Once TEEAL is installed, users
can search for and retrieve full-text articles. You can run TEEAL on a
single computer, or host the collection on a server and share it over a local
network (see illustration above).
Noted below are the System requirements for running
the new TEEAL. As has always been the case though, it must be reiterated that
it is strictly forbidden to provide access to TEEAL over the Internet.
AGORA is the acronym for the Access to Global Online
Research on Agriculture program. It was started by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with a number of publishing
partners to provide developing countries access to scientific information on
food, agriculture, environmental science and related social sciences.
There are over 1278 journal titles available to
institutions in 107 countries. AGORA is part of Research4Life, the collective
name for four programs - HINARI (focusing on health), AGORA (focusing on agriculture), OARE (focusing on environment), and ARDI (focusing on
applied science and technology).
The AGORA program, its sister programs and their
publishing partners have committed to continuing the initiative until at least
2015.[1]
History[edit]
The AGORA program was launched in October 2003[2] with FAO and nine founding publishers: Blackwell Publishing, CABI
Publishing, Elsevier, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,
Nature Publishing Group, Oxford University Press, Springer-Verlag, and John Wiley & Sons. Other key partners
include Microsoft
and Cornell University. Currently a total of 39
publishers participate in AGORA and provide journal content.
When launched, AGORA provided access to 400
journals. As of March 2010, the initiative has increased to providing access to
over 1278 journals.
The development has been in two phases: Phase I,
occurring in 2003, allowed access to 69 countries. Phase II increased this by
allowing around 30 additional countries access at low cost.[3]
Currently, AGORA provides access
to those countries as agreed by the publishers, based on certain criteria. The
eligibility for each country is based on GNI per capita as provided by World Bank
figures. Therefore, institutions in countries with GNI per capita below US$1250 (Band 1) are eligible for free access.
Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between US$1251 and US$3500 (Band
2) pay a fee of US$1000 per year per institution.
The eligible countries are therefore determined by
the publishers themselves.
Restrictions[edit]
Due to publishers' market interests and business
plans, not all developing countries are eligible, as in some of these
countries, the publishers have significant levels of existing subscriptions.
Some of these countries include South Africa, India and China.[4]
Critics[who?]
find problems with the use of GNI as a criterion, however. China, for example,
is a large developing country facing an information divide, which is not
reflected by the GNI. In large cities and coastal areas of China, per capita
GNI can be four times that of the poor localities, yet poor 'local' researchers
cannot get low-price access because China as a whole surpasses the baseline
criterion.[5]
Related
initiatives[edit]
·
HINARI (Access to Research Initiative) launched in 2002
and is administered by World Health Organization (WHO).
·
OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment)
launched in October 2006 and is coordinated by the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP).
·
ARDI (Access to Research for Development and Innovation)
launched in 2010 and administered by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO)
·
The TEEAL (The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library)
Project is administered through Mann
Library’s Collection and Services Department.
·
ITOCA (Information Training and Outreach Centre for
Africa), in Pretoria, South Africa, handles awareness
and training missions across the African continent.
HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme was set up by the World Health Organization and major
publishers to enable developing countries to access collections of biomedical
and health literature. There are up to 13,000 e-journals and up to 29,000
online books available to health institutions in more than 100 countries.
HINARI is part of Research4Life, the collective name for four programs - HINARI
(focusing on health), AGORA (focusing on agriculture), OARE (focusing on environment), and ARDI (focusing on
applied science and technology).[1] Together, Research4Life provides
developing countries with free or low cost access to academic and professional
peer-reviewed content online.[1]
The HINARI program, and the other programs, were
reviewed for the second time in 2010 and the publishers involved have committed
to continuing with it until at least 2020.
In response to a call by the then UN Secretary
General Kofi
Annan and to a statement issued by Gro Harlem Brundtland the then Director
General World Health Organization, HINARI was launched in July 2001 with a
statement of intent from six major publishers: Blackwell
Publishing, Elsevier, the Harcourt, Wolters
Kluwer, Springer Science+Business Media,
and John Wiley & Sons.[2] The HINARI name began as an acronym of
Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative.[3] The use of the full name was later
abandoned. The program opened for use in January 2002 with around 1,500
journals from the initial six publishers.[4] As of 2015
there are almost 200 publisher partners providing their online publications
through HINARI.[5] 3,750 journal titles were accessible
via HINARI in 2007.[3]
Eligible categories of
institutions are: national universities, professional schools (medicine,
nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry), research institutes, teaching
hospitals and healthcare centers, government offices, national medical
libraries and local non-governmental organizations.[6]
The country lists are based on
four factors: Total GNI (World Bank figures), GNI per capita (World Bank
figures), United Nations Least Developed Country (LDCs) List and Human
Development Index (HDI).[7] In 2007 users and members of eligible
institutions in 113 countries had access.[3] Some large, emerging countries
including India
and China are
excluded by the program because their total GNI exceeds US$1 trillion.[7][4][3]
·
TEEAL (The Essential Electronic
Agricultural Library)
·
AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture)
·
OARE
(Online Access to Research in the Environment)
·
ARDI
(Access to Research for Development and Innovation)
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to: a
b "Our
commitment to universal access to medical research § About Research4Life".
The
Lancet. Retrieved 2015-04-05.
2. Jump up ^ "Publishers'
Statement of Intent". HINARI. London: World Health Organization. 2001-07-09. Retrieved 2015-04-05.
3. ^ Jump up to: a
b
c
d Sarin, R (2007). "Denying
open access to published health-care research: WHO has the password?".
Journal of Cancer Research
and Therapeutics 3 (3): 133–4. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.37403.
PMID 18079573.
4. ^ Jump up to: a
b Harris, Siân (June–July 2007). "Training
increases HINARI and AGORA benefits". Digital Divide. Research
Information (Europa Science).
Retrieved 2015-04-05.
7.
^ Jump up to: a
b "Criteria
by which countries, areas, or territories are categorized". HINARI. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2015-04-05.
Online Access
to Research in the Environment (OARE) is led by the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) in partnership with major publishers. The programme enables
developing countries to gain access to one of the world’s largest collections
of environmental science research.
OARE enhances environmental research by
connecting academics, researchers and policy makers in low and middle income
countries with online research and scholarly information. Up to 5710 peer
reviewed journals and 1119 online books, and other information resources are
available to environmental institutions in more than 100 countries benefitting
many thousands of environment researchers, practitioners, policy makers,
educators, and students.
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