Mugabe's career in photos
AFP: Image caption
Robert Gabriel Mugabe was educated at a mission
school and went on to train as teacher, graduating from Fort Hare
university where Nelson Mandela studied. In 1958, he went to work in
Ghana
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There he met Sally Hafron whom he married in 1961.
She was actually more political than him before he was recruited by
black nationalists. He was later imprisoned by the Rhodesian government,
but was not allowed to attend the funeral of his son
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After his release from jail in 1974, he came to
prominence as one of the leaders of a guerrilla war against
white-minority rule, along with Joshua Nkomo (left)
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They agreed to disarm at peace talks hosted by the
British. They formed the patriotic front - and to the surprise of
Western observers won elections held in February 1980 by a landslide
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Robert Mugabe had arrived in the country only six
weeks before the election, after spending 10 years in exile. He became
prime minister, forming an inclusive government
AFP: During his first years in office, he was feted by
leaders across the world, including Cuba's Fidel Castro, who visited the
country in 1986
PA: Image caption
He also had a close relationship with UK Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher - and initially pursued a policy of
reconciliation with his white former enemies, letting them keep their
economic wealth
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He married his typist Grace Marufu, with whom he
already had two children, in 1996 a few years after his first wife died.
The 1990s also saw the country's intervention in the war in the
Democratic Republic of Congo, which proved costly to the economy
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When Tony Blair's UK government pulled out of talks
to fund a controversial land reforms in 1997 and after Mr Mugabe lost a
referendum on a new constitution three years later, pro-Mugabe militias
began to invade white-owned farms
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It was around this time that Mr Mugabe abandoned his
Savile Row and safari suits in favour of brightly coloured attire
emblazoned with his face when he was on the campaign trail
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It became a cult of personality, and big
celebrations were organised by the ruling Zanu-PF party each year to
mark his birthday...
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These included extravagant cakes. This one reflects
how many Africans regarded him as a hero, admiring his stand against
white farmers
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However, his popularity, especially in urban areas,
steadily declined at home - and he lost for the first round of the
presidential election in 2008, winning the run-off after the opposition
MDC withdrew, citing violence
AFP: Sanctions imposed by the US and EU prompted Mr
Mugabe's "Look East" policy, turning to China for investment. He used to
travel to Asia for medical treatment - his daughter Bona (C) studied in
Hong Kong and Singapore
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His Zanu-PF party won elections in 2013, after four
years of a power-sharing government, on a platform of indigenisation - a
policy of ceding economic control to black Zimbabweans. Crippling cash
shortages led to protests in 2016
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However, the security forces always stood by Mr
Mugabe - until his wife's ambition for power proved too much for them to
stomach and they launched a takeover on 15 November 2017
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They were anxious that it not look like a coup, and
Mr Mugabe carried on with some of his duties - though his age showed as
he appeared to doze during a graduation ceremony
Reuters: Image caption
But after a mass demonstration and amid impeachment
proceedings, the 93-year-old leader bowed to pressure. He resigned after
37 years in power - prompting wild celebrations.
Source:http://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-42032549
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