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                                            The Nigerian Flag (Notes presented at International Centre for Reconstruction and Development Dialogue held on November 11, 2009 at the Sheraton Hotel Club) Nigeria before 1885 was a land mass occupied by several ancient nations and civilizations, each with its own history, language, mythology, political systems, and cultural values. The pre-Nigeria or pre-colonial nations in what is known today as Nigeria include the Edo, Hausa, Igbo, Fulani, Ijaw, Itshekiri, Gwari, Nupe, Tiv, Idoma, Kanuri, Calabari, Efik, Yoruba, etc. Some of them were even acknowledged by the British colonial administrators to have built kingdoms and empires long before the Berlin Conference of 1865. Those nations include the Kanuri, Sokoto, Hausa , Benin , Oyo, and many others. It was the amalgamation of Nigeria on January 1, 1914 that brought the multiple nations and nationalities in today’s Nigeria together into one country. The amalgamation was at the instanc

                  Nigeria is a creation of the Constitution. Nigeria grew into an internationally recognised independent nation, in 1960, after a period of colonialism under the British government which spanned about a century beginning with the formal annexation of Lagos in 1861. Nigeria’s constitutional development history can be divided into two epochs or generations: the colonial or pre-independence epoch –which covers 6 constitutional instruments (1914, 1922, 1946, 1951, 1954 and 1960) and the post-independence constitutional epochs (encompassing 3 instruments - 1963, 1979 and 1999). While each successive pre-independence constitutional instrument was enacted through an order-in-council of the British monarch, their post-independence counterparts were enacted in two ways: an Act of parliament (1963 Constitution) and military decree (1979 and 1999). The one ‘Nigeria’ story began in 1914 with the Frederick Lugard Constitution. The 1914 Constitution amalgamated the Colony and Pro

Sir Herbert Macaulay Herbert Samuel Heelas Macaulay (November 14, 1864—May 7, 1946) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, engineer, journalist, and musician and considered by many Nigerians as the founder of Nigerian nationalism. Macaulay was born in Lagos on November 14, 1864 to Sierra Leone Creole parents. He was the grandson of Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther and the son of the founder of the first secondary school in Nigeria, the CMS Grammar School, Lagos. After going to a Christian missionary school, he took a job as a clerk at the Lagos Department of Public Works. From 1891 to 1894 he studied civil engineering in Plymouth, England. On his return, he worked for the Crown as a land inspector. He left his position in 1898 due to growing distaste for Nigeria's position as a British colony. Macaulay was one of the first Nigerian nationalists and for most of his life a strong opponent of British rule in Nigeria. Macaulay became very popular and on June 24, 1923, he f

Kiera Larsen pushed two younger girls out of the way of an SUV after it rolled down a driveway in Lakeside, California. Kiera Larsen died in hospital. Pic: GoFundMe A ten-year-old girl has been hailed a hero after she pushed two young children out of the path of a runaway vehicle which then struck and killed her. Kiera Larsen sprang into action after the Mercedes SUV began rolling down a sloping driveway in Lakeside, California, according to the California Highway Patrol. She was able to push Adison, aged one, and two-year-old Emma out of the way, but was hit herself. Alyssa Jenkins, the mother of the two children, told KGTV: "She saved both my daughters' lives, my two kids, and both could have

Gianni Infantino is the new president of FIFA after beating favourite Sheikh Salman over two rounds of voting in Zurich. The Swiss becomes the permanent replacement for Sepp Blatter, who was forced to resign from world football's governing body last year over corruption allegations. After no candidate received enough votes in the first round, they needed an outright majority of 104 among the 207 national associations in the second. Mr Infantino got 115 votes, beating Asian Football Confederation president Sheikh Salman into second place with 88. He told FIFA's congress: "I cannot express my feelings in this moment. "We will restore the image and the respect of FIFA and everyone in the world will applaud us.

Embattled former National Security Adviser, Sambo Dasuki, has accused President Buhari of being behind his continued detention despite two federal high courts granting him bail in December last year. According to Premium Times , Dasuki made the allegation through his counsel, Joseph Daudu, at the resumed hearing of his trial today February 26th. Dasuki said while responding to a question during his media chat last year, pres. Buhari said that himself and Nnamdi Kanu, leader of IPOB, were still in detention because they could jump bail if they are released. Dasuki argued that this is a contempt of court order as two courts had already granted him bail. Dasuki tendered several newspaper publications where Buhari was quoted as saying he should not be allowed to go home even if granted bail by any court because he might jump bail. Dasuki appealed to the presiding judge, Justice Peter Affen, to enforce his order which granted him bail in December last year. He argued tha

    Preident Muhammadu Buhari and Nigerian officials prayed inside the Holy Kaaba on February 25, For Muslims, the Kaaba is the most sacred place in the world, as it is believed to be the “House of God.” The building is opened twice a year for a ceremony known as “the cleaning of the Kaaba.” Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Buhari visits holy Kaaba Buhari was accorded the highest honour in Islam by being allowed into the Holy Ka’aba This ceremony takes place roughly thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and thirty days before the start of Hajj.  A small number of dignitaries and foreign diplomats are invited to participate in the ceremony. Buhari, when he was a military ruler in 1984, also visited Kaaba to observe his Umrah (lesser pilgrimage) and was warmly welcomed by the Saudis. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Buhari visits holy Kaaba President Buhari is entering the most sacred site for Muslims Kaaba The leader of the nat

Exchange rate now N310 to $1 This is the official rate of the dollar at the parallel market. Photocredit: Instagram@TheGuardian

  Telecommunications company, MTN has withdrawn its suit against the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and has paid N50 billion from the N780 billion fine, The Cable reports. NCC, Nigeria's telecommunication regulatory body had fined MTN N1.04 trillion for failing to deactivate 5.1 million unregistered SIM cards. After much appeal, the fine was reduced to N780 billion. Unsatisfied with the reduction in the fine, MTN filed a suit against NCC on Dec. 31st 2015. According to a statement by MTN, the sum of N50bn was paid to the federal government “as a gesture of good faith and commitment to continued efforts towards an amicable resolution”. MTN Nigeria's CEO, Ferdi Moolman, while speaking on the new development, said “This is a most encouraging development. It demonstrates a willingness and sincerity by both parties to work together towards a positive outcome. We are hopeful at this stage. Along with the authorities, it is clear that we are collectively committed to w

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Telecommunication company, Globacom, has dropped brothers, Peter and Paul Okoye of famed group Psqaure, as its brand ambassador. According to reports, The pair were dropped following the way Peter, handled an issue that occurred during the grand finale of dance competition, ‘Dance with Peter’. Peter and one of the company’s representative had been involved in a issue that the singer/dancer handled unprofessionally, resulting in their termination as brand ambassador. The sources also revealed that truly, the company had defaiulted in some of the promises made, but that did not give Peter the right to insult them. As at the time of this report, no comment has been gotten from Psquare.

– Diezani Alison-Madueke refutes reports that she awarded $24 billion oil swap deals without contracts – The former minister denied statements credited to former group managing directors, GMDs NNPC, Austin Oniwon and Andrew Yakubu – Alison-Madueke in a statement by her spokesman, Mr. Clem Aguiyi, listed all the contracts she approved Mrs. Diezani Alison-Madueke, a former minister for petroleum resources has denied reports that she approved $24 billion for Renewal of the Crude Oil/Refined Products Exchange Agreement, otherwise called oil swap deals without contracts, Vanguard reports. Her denial was contained in a statement issued on February 23 by her spokesman, Mr. Clem Aguiyi, where she also described the statements credited to her former group managing directors, GMDs, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC, in respect of the ongoing legislative probe of the oil swap and OPA deals as fabricated tissues of lies. READ ALSO: Diezani’s husband arrested in Abuja She refuted repo

Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) North-west youth wing describes the emergence of Ali Modu Sheriff as chairman of the party a huge mistake. – The youth leader says Sheriff’s appointment should not be allowed to stand – The youth wing says the appointment of the former Borno state governor has caused more havoc for the party  Share on Facebook Share on Twitter File photo of Ali Modu Sheriff, the newly-appointed chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) North-west youth wing has described the emergence of the former governor of Borno state, Ali Modu Sheriff as chairman of the party a huge mistake. According to P.M News, Alhaji Ibrahim Ahmadu, a youth leader and the North-west coordinator of PDP youth wing, on Tuesday, said Sheriff’s appointment was illegal and should not be allowed to stand. According to him, the leadership of the party was still trying to remain in the past when other political parties were moving with current reality. The youth leader

You might have heard the expression “it’s a figure of speech,” but what does that really mean? A figure of speech is just that – figurative language. It might be words with a literal meaning, a certain arrangements of words, or a phrase with a meaning that is something entirely other than that of the words themselves. Figures of speech can be refreshing and fun, but for some – especially those who are not native English speakers – a figure of speech can be very confusing. Here are some of the most common figures of speech and what they mean.  List of Figure of Speech and Examples 1 Alliteration This is a very common figure of speech that involves using words that begin with the same sound.  For instance, “Sally sells sea shells by the seashore” is alliteration – and try saying it fast to see how difficult it is! It is often used in advertising slogans to create something catchy that more people will remember.  2 Anaphora This figure of speech uses